Student Scientists Present Unexpected Results from Space Station Research

    HOUSTON, TX, August 07, 2014 /24-7PressRelease/ -- Miranda McMillan and Christina Murray, co-principal investigators for Microencapsulation in Microgravity, which flew on the International Space Station from January to March 2014, prepared thoroughly to present their results to colleagues. The two women met during study hall and lunch periods to examine the data from their investigation and determine what it meant.

Wait. Study hall? Lunch? That's right; McMillan and Murray are tenth graders at Pennsylvania's Downingtown STEM Academy and participants in the Student Spaceflight and Experiments Program (SSEP). Their team was one of 29 that presented at the 2014 SSEP National Conference hosted by The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education (NCESSE) and the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education July 2 and 3 at the Smithsonian.

The conference brought together students who engaged in experiment design and proposal writing for any of eight SSEP flight opportunities to date, along with their teachers, school administrators and families. There have been three previous conferences.

"The event is designed as a professional research conference," said SSEP Director Jeff Goldstein, Ph.D. "SSEP was created to be an authentic immersion experience in every facet of research, and part of the authentic experience is reporting out at conferences and in publications. We felt it was important to give students that part of the experience."

Each of the 29 teams made both oral and poster presentations on the science addressed by their investigations. Presentations covered the essential questions behind the studies and their experiment design, including how they analyzed results and, for flight experiments that returned well in advance, the actual analysis and findings. Often, those results are different from what the investigators predicted, just as in the professional world.

The Downington students, for example, expected microgravity to cause a microencapsulated extended-release medication - in this case Aleve, with the active ingredient Naproxen - to dissolve more slowly. But their analysis showed no significant difference between rates on Earth and in microgravity. "That means it would not make a real difference for people taking the medication," said McMillan; or, in other words, the microencapsulated medicine would be safe to use in space.

Michal Bodzianowski, a sixth grader at the STEM School and Academy in Colorado, designed a study titled What Are the Effects of Creation of Beer in Microgravity and is it Possible? The goal was to test differences in fermentation alcohol levels between Earth and space. He also takes it in stride that results were the opposite of what he expected.

"A big part of science is dealing with how your hypothesis was wrong," he said. "You learn more from mistakes than successes. In this case, there might have been some errors in the way we measured the experiment, although that was the best way we could do it." He saw the conference as an opportunity to get ideas about what might have happened from fellow students, as well as to learn about other studies that didn't go as expected.

Griffin Eslinger and Alexander Puckhaber, ninth graders at Palmetto Scholars Academy in South Carolina, examined the structural integrity of an iron bar immersed in a saltwater solution in microgravity for How Does Microgravity Affect the Oxidation of Iron in a Saltwater Solution? They also received unexpected results. While they predicted that the bars would oxidize faster in space and thus be weaker than those tested on the ground, they actually found no significant difference between the two. "A good thing to take away from that is to consider all the variables," Eslinger said. The students think behavior of the water's surface tension in space could have affected its contact with the bars, something that perhaps could be countered by lining test containers with a water-repellent material.

The student presenters recognized the scientific value of designing an experiment and analyzing the resulting data no matter what those data showed. "Science teaches you to be flexible," said Downington's Murray about her microencapsulation investigation. "Everything doesn't always turn out the way you expect it to. But it was great to be able to share our data and present our conclusions at the conference."

SSEP was launched in June 2010 by NCESSE in the U.S. and the Clarke Institute internationally. The program is enabled through a strategic partnership with NanoRacks LLC, working with NASA under a Space Act Agreement designed to help use the International Space Station as a national laboratory. The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) is a national partner on SSEP, and it also provides funding for communities that would otherwise be unable to participate.

"This is real microgravity research that goes to the space station, and many teams get results," said Goldstein. "There is also something very powerful in seeing students as young as fifth and sixth grade up on stage in the Smithsonian reporting on the design and results of their experiments with incredible poise." No matter what the results.

Melissa Gaskill
International Space Station Program Office
NASA Johnson Space Center

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